# What's our conceptual framework? #hope-s [[20220107 My current understanding of treatment rationale and theories]] [[Chapter 5 Psychological Approaches to Mental Illness - Christopher Peterson]] [[why is there mental illness]] ## Cognitive Model of Psychosis The cognitive model of psychosis ([Freeman, Garety, Kuipers, Fowler, & Bebbington, 2002](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4357360/#R10); [Garety, Kuipers, Fowler, Freeman, & Bebbington, 2001](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4357360/#R12)) proposes that, in the context of illness-related neurobiological vulnerabilities, maladaptive thinking styles (e.g., a tendency to “jump to conclusions,” cognitive inflexibility) and distorted schemas about the self (e.g., I am incompetent, I am bad), others (e.g., people are hostile), and the world (e.g., the world is dangerous) contribute to the emergence of firmly held dysfunctional beliefs (e.g., delusions of persecution, reference, control) and fuel the interpretation of anomalous sensory experiences (e.g., auditory hallucinations with derogatory content). The model emphasizes the important role of social interactions and suggests social isolation is especially detrimental, as it contributes to sustainment of dysfunctional beliefs that go unchecked and unchallenged over time. It also suggests distress and dysfunction associated with experiencing symptoms are largely linked to the meaning and interpretation of symptoms (e.g., voices are of divine origin) and beliefs regarding anticipated consequences (e.g., I will never be able to work). [Copied from this paragraph.](https://www.notion.so/List-of-EMA-EMI-Systems-f0538d820d7a4ebc8a8432970f5f7995) ### Interventions based on Cognitive Model of Psychosis - Social Interactions - CBT ## Stress Vulnerability Model of Schizophrenia The stress-vulnerability model ([Liberman et al., 1986](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4357360/#R17); [Zubin & Spring, 1977](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4357360/#R38)) posits that the course and outcomes of schizophrenia are determined by the interplay of biological vulnerabilities (e.g., predisposition for the illness), stress, and coping. To improve illness outcomes, illness-management strategies for schizophrenia based on this model aim to interrupt the cyclical relationship between stress (e.g., fatigue, interpersonal conflict, poor medication adherence) and vulnerability that often lead to symptomatic relapse and illness exacerbation ([Mueser et al., 2006](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4357360/#R24)). [Copied from this paragraph.](https://www.notion.so/List-of-EMA-EMI-Systems-f0538d820d7a4ebc8a8432970f5f7995) ### Interventions Based on Stress-Vulnerability Model - Reduce Stress - Improve coping [[What are the factors contributing or prevent illness]]