202201271525 Types of EMA [[20211120 All about EMA and EMI]] Types of EMA Uses 1. In understanding individual differences EMA can be use in comparing individual pre and post intervals. E.g Before and After interventions, and tracking intensity of distress. [[Ecological Momentary Assessment. Saul Shiffman, Arthur A. Stone, and Michael R. Hufford#^0d29eb]] 2. In understanding natural history, EMA can be used to follow a subject across time to understand the course of symptoms. [[Ecological Momentary Assessment. Saul Shiffman, Arthur A. Stone, and Michael R. Hufford#^304ff2]] 3. It allow examination temporal sequences of events or experiences, and it's effect on consequences of events or behavior. E.g Patient's affect before and after experience of hallucinations. [[Ecological Momentary Assessment. Saul Shiffman, Arthur A. Stone, and Michael R. Hufford#^7296d3]] 4. To examine contextual associations or interaction between two (or more) phenomena that co-occur in time. (This is most interesting to me!) [[Ecological Momentary Assessment. Saul Shiffman, Arthur A. Stone, and Michael R. Hufford#^e0dfd1]] 1. _Myin-Germeys et al. (2001) examined emotions accompanying stressful events as a way to test a diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia. They postulated that vulnerability to schizophrenia would be reflected in excess emotional responses accompanying stress. Schizophrenics, their first-degree relatives (who are genetically vulnerable), and normal controls were assessed 10 times daily about stressful events and mood. An examination of individual differences in average mood showed that the schizophrenics reported more negative affect and more stressful events, whereas vulnerable individuals and normal controls did not differ. But a look at stressor-mood associations revealed that the first-degree relatives reacted more strongly than did controls. Thus, examination of the association between stressors and mood at particular moments was key to understanding what vulnerabilities might be conferred by a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia._ 2. _whether positive and negative emotions are polar opposites or are independent dimensions and can be experienced simultaneously. Feldman- Barrett & Russell (1998) used EMA data to address the argument that although one could be both happy and distressed over some interval of time, in a particular moment, one could be either happy or distressed but not both._ 3. _Although most designs examine associations between different variables within the same person, an interesting variation considers how one person in a relationship affects the other (Bolger & Laurenceau 2005). For example, Larson & Richards (1994) asked members of families to track their experience in parallel and examined how the mood of each affected the other. They found, for example, that a hus- band’s mood when he comes home from work significantly influences his wife’s mood, but not vice versa._