[[The Mediation Process 4th ed by Christopher W Moore]] The different philosophy, thought, orientations, goals, focus, and style -- i think this is like the different school in psychotherapy. ## Process-focused schools ### Facilitative mediation Perhaps more like ( #solution-focus type? ) believing that the parties knows more than the mediator. Focus on the process of negotiation. (Author describes that he is in the middle of the continuum, more of a process-oriented facilitative mediator) ## Relationship-focused schools ### Therapeutic mediation. Grounded by psychotherapy and social work. Focuses on addressing and changing relationships, behaviours, emotional difficulties. - Many practitioners of this school work in the area of pre- marital, divorce, child custody, co-parenting, children in need of supervision, or other family disputes. It is frequently used with high-conflict couples (Kline and Johnston, 2004). Some practitioners also engage in child-centered therapeutic mediation to help disputing couples determine what is best for their children after a divorce (Kruk, 2012). - ### Transformative Mediation - To transform the negative and destructive conflict interactions, into a more positive and constructive interaction. ### Narrative Mediation Community, cultures, indigenous communities. #Narrative therapy - ideas. - Narrative mediation has three goals: “a) the creation of the relational conditions for the growth of an alternative story; b) building a story of relationship that is incompatible with the continuing dominance of the conflict; and c) opening space for people to make discursive shifts” (What Is Narrative Mediation?, n.d.). In narrative mediation, the mediator's task is to assist people to overcome the divisiveness of a conflict by working with the stories in which the conflict is embedded rather than pursuing an objective reality. They assist parties to remove the constraints of unproductive stories that constrain and keep them in conflict and to develop new ones. ### Restorative Justice and Victim-Offender Mediation Social justice idea - The restorative justice process of mediation does not focus on punishment of an offender, as commonly occurs in retributive state-sponsored justice systems that assume crimes have been committed against the state. Instead, the process is premised upon the belief that crimes are perpetrated against real individuals and groups, not the state, and that the goal of the process should be restorative rather than retributive. Instead of seeking decisions of innocence or guilt and outcomes of punishment, victim-offender mediation focuses on ways to repair harm done to interpersonal or intergroup relationships between disputing parties to restore their condition before the conflict occurred (Maiese, 2003, 2004). ## Substantively Focused Schools ### Advisory Mediation - Advisory mediators may be technical experts—such as engineers, scientists, accountants, financial advisors, organizational development consultants, human resource specialists, child development experts, and so on—or respected and trusted individuals who understand the needs and interests of involved disputants and can provide wise counsel and advice on developing mutually acceptable agreements (Alexander, 2008). ### Evaluative mediation - This specific kind of advisory mediation focuses on an assessment of legal issues and legal rights of parties. ### Customary or religiously based mediation and dispute resolution