**How do we conceptualise psychopathology? As statistical deviance?** - A common and “commonsense” conception of psychopathology is that pathological psychological phenomena are those that are _abnormal_—statistically deviant or infrequent. Abnormal literally means “away from the norm.” The word _norm_ refers to what is typical or average. Thus, this conception views psychopathology as a deviation from statistical psychological normality. **First Critic of this approach is its subjectivity in the definition of concepts to measure in the first place, such as "intelligence". Based on whose definition?** - The first point at which subjectivity comes into play is in the _conceptual definition_ of the construct for which a measure is developed. A measure of any psychological construct, such as intelligence, must begin with a conceptual definition. We have to ask ourselves “What is ‘intelligence’?” Of course, dif- ferent people (including different psychologists) will come up with different answers to this question. How then can we scientifically and objectively determine which definition or conception is “true” or “correct”? The answer is that we cannot.