Source: [20201220 Book Notes - Positive Psychology Theory, Research and Application](evernote:///view/463671/s5/7a17c54a-c607-dac0-5f3e-c224da591850/57ba5125-cfd0-4795-9c56-4f9115b91ae9/) # 20201221090 : Chapter 6. (Boniwell & Tunariu, 2011)  Resilience, Post-traumatic Growth and Positive Ageing - Three proposed psychological responses to trauma. - Definition of resilience and its proposed facilitators. - Sense of coherence and its effects on health and wellbeing. - The phenomenon of post- traumatic growth (PTG). - Wisdom and its place in the developmental process. - Components to positive ageing. ## Resilience ## ## What are the components of resilience? Based on the popular method from cognitive behavioural therapy (Beck, 1976), research has shown that when we are faced with a challenging situation, employing the ABCDE technique, where A = Adversity (the issue or event); B =Beliefs (automatic pessimistic beliefs about the event); C= Consequences (of holding that belief); D =Disputation (your conscious arguments against your pessimistic belief); and E =Energization (what you feel when you’ve disputed your B effectively), can increase resilience and decrease depression levels (Gillham et al., 1995, 2007) ## Resilience and the body ## Coping styles - Problem-focused coping is when people identify the stressor and take active steps to engage with and tackle the issues at hand. - Emotion-focused coping is when individuals tend to focus on dealing with the emotions surrounding the situation, rather than attempting to change or deal with the situation.  - This type of coping includes avoidance, which is when an individual ignores the situation at hand and avoids any interaction with solving the issue (Collins et al., 1990; Urcuyo et al., 2005; Thornton and Perez, 2006). - avoidance was once seen as a negative copping strategy although we now know that, in the short term, engaging in healthy distractions can be a good thing for people who have experienced significant trauma (Reynolds and Kee Hean, 2007). Post-traumatic growth is currently divided into five domains ## How does PTG happen? ## Wisdom - "the ability to take stock of life in large terms, in ways that make sense to oneself and others. Perspective is the product of knowledge and experience, but it is more than the accumulation of information. It is the coordination of this information and its deliberate use to improve wellbeing. In a social context, perspective allows the individual to listen to others, to evaluate what they say, and then to offer good (sage) advice. Directions back to the interstate do not qualify as wisdom,  unless the highway is the metaphorical route to the life well-lived." (Peterson and Seligman, 2004) - Leading wisdom researcher, Robert Sternberg, conceptualized wisdom as a balance between practical intelligence and tacit knowledge applied to solving problems to achieve the greater good for all (Sternberg, 2009). - Sternberg’s Balance Theory of Wisdom posits that wisdom comes from solving problems while also taking other people into account, using multiple response strategies and aiming for the result to serve the common good of all. ## Aging