From [[Emotions MOC]] [[Book - An Atlas of Depression]] [[Book - Etiopathogenic Theories and Models in Depression]] [[Book - Psychotherapy and Counselling for Depression 3rd Ed]] --- *[[15-07-2023]] updating my notes on Depression.* # First of all, how do we define Depression according to DSM? > [! Depression in DSM 5] > The individual must be experiencing five or more symptoms during the same 2-week period, and at least one of the symptoms should be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. ^ccd424 1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day 2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. 4. A slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movement (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down) 5. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day 6. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day 7. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day 8. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide To receive a diagnosis of depression, these symptoms must cause the individual clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The symptoms must also not be a result of substance abuse or another medical condition. # Causes / Reasons for Depression Depression is heterogeneous and complex. ![[Chapter 1 - The Study of Depression in the Frame of the New Research Paradigm in Psychiatry#^ded072]] **Biological** - Biological / Chemical - [[Book - An Atlas of Depression#^45fd69]] **Psychological** - [[Chapter 5 - Contemporary Psychodynamic Theories on Depression]] - [[Self Identity]] - Aggression to self - [[Shame and Guilt MOC]] - The discrepancy between ideal and reality - harsh critic takes over - [[Grief and Loss]] - [[🏠 Trauma]] - [[Existential]] - Meaning of living [[Book - The Will to Meaning]] # Themes in Depression # Interventions / Treatment # Therapeutic approaches / What can help? - [[Medication]] - Antidepressants - [[Cognitive]] Behavioural - CBT, behavioural activation - [[020.100 Psychodynamic Psychotherapy MOC]] - [[Systemic Thinking]] - [[narrative therapy]] - [[Logotherapy]] - Mindfulness-based approaches - [[Index for Spirituality]] -- - "*For His anger is but for a moment, His favor is for life; ==Weeping may endure for a night, But joy comes in the morning==* " (Psalm 30:5) - [[Self Compassion MOC]] ---- Notes that are related: [[Suicide]] [[202103082054 Keeping secrets causes sickness]] - [[How to manage low mood or depression]] - [[30 Nov 2021 Reflection about my work with faith (draft)]] - [[46 what-if affirmations that open your mind to possibility]] - - [[Intervention tool - journaling]] - How can depression be predicted by digital phenotyping? - [[Article - Mechanisms of Mindfulness]] [[Book - The road less travelled and beyond]] [[What Your Anger May Be Hiding]] [[A New Characterization of Mental Health Disorders Using Digital Behavioral Data Evidence from Major Depressive Disorder]] [[202103082108 Shame cut us off from people and cause loneliness]] Treatment Options [[20200718 Introduction to Narrative Therapy Engaging Theory and Philosophy during COVID-19]] [[202201271530 EMA can help patients increase Emotional Self-Awareness (ESA)]]